Is Mount Fuji Going to Erupt Again
Coordinates: 35°21′46.35″N 138°43′53.63″Due east / 35.3628750°North 138.7315639°E / 35.3628750; 138.7315639 Celebrated eruptions of Mount Fuji ( 富士山の噴火史 , Fuji-san no funka-shi )
Mount Fuji is the tallest volcano in Japan, and too the highest peak. The latest eruption of Mountain Fuji was in 1707, and it was triggered by an earthquake.[i] The mountain equally it appears now is the "New Fuji volcano", which began to erupt about 10,000 years ago. Under the "New Fuji volcano" lies the "Old Fuji volcano", which was active betwixt 100,000 years ago and 10,000 years ago, and the "Komitake volcano", which became active 700,000 years agone.
Prehistory [edit]
Komitake and Old Fuji [edit]
There has been volcanic activity in the vicinity of Mount Fuji for several million years. The earliest geologically known volcano was Mountain Komitake ( 小御岳火山 , small mountain volcano ) that became active 700,000 years ago. Another volcano to the due south-east of Mount Fuji—known as Mount Ashitaka ( 愛鷹山 )—was also highly active throughout the period. The peak of Komitake is nigh 2,300 meters (7,500 ft) above sea-level on the north confront of Mount Fuji (at the fifth station).
Komitake entered another period of activity around 100,000 years ago. This created a new volcano known as Old Fuji ( 古富士 , kofuji , Old Fuji) that reached a elevation of three,100 meters (10,200 ft). It created many explosive eruptions that threw out big amounts of scoria, volcanic ash and lava.
New Fuji [edit]
Following the Old Fuji period, in that location were near 4,000 years of inactivity, catastrophe at around five,000 years agone, when Mount Fuji became active again; this period is known as New Fuji ( 新富士 , shinfuji ), and continues to the present day. Eruptions of New Fuji showroom phenomena such as lava flows, magma, scoria, volcanic ash, collapses and side eruptions, leading it to be called "a department shop of eruptions". Ash from New Fuji is often black, and eruptions are new in terms of geological layers. Valuable data on the activity of Mountain Fuji is recorded in Japanese historical documents dating from the 8th century onwards. Information technology exhibits a range of representative eruptions.
The Gotemba mud flow [edit]
About ii,300 years ago the east confront of the volcano collapsed and lahars flowed down to the Gotemba area every bit far equally the Ashigara apparently in the east and the Suruga bay beyond Mishima urban center in the south. This incident is now called the Gotemba mud flow ( 御殿場泥流 , Gotemba deiryū ). Liquid mud piled up over an area as broad as the city surface area of Mishima.
Jōgan eruption [edit]
In 864 (the 6th yr of the Jōgan era) there was an eruption on the n-east side of Mount Fuji, which produced a dandy amount of lava.
- 864 (Jōgan half dozen, 5th month): Mount Fuji erupted for x days, and it ejected from its summit an immense quantity of cinders and ash which savage back to world equally far away as the sea at Edo bay. Many people perished and many homes were destroyed. The volcanic eruption began on the side of Fuji-san closest to Mount Asama, throwing cinders and ash as far away as Kai province.[2] Some of the lava filled upward a big lake Senoumi ( せの海 ) which existed at the time, dividing it into two lakes, Saiko ( 西湖 ) and Shōjiko ( 精進湖 ). This is known equally the Aokigahara lava ( 青木ヶ原溶岩 ), and at present is covered past the dense Aokigahara forest.
Hōei eruption [edit]
The Hoei Crater (on the superlative'due south right) was the location of the 1707 eruption.
The latest eruption, in 1707 (the quaternary year of the Hōei era), was known as the slap-up Hōei eruption. It followed several weeks subsequently the Great Hōei earthquake, an 8.7 on the Richter scale. The earthquake severely damaged the metropolis of Osaka, merely more that, it created plenty seismic activeness to compress the magma sleeping room 20 km deep in the inactive Mt. Fuji. Due to the compression of the magma chamber, basaltic lava rose from the bottom to the higher dacitic magma chamber at 8 km deep. The mixing of the two different types of magma acquired a Plinian eruption to occur. Previous to the Hoei, another earthquake named Genroku had struck Nippon in 1703. The convulsion affected both Kanagawa and Shizuoka prefectures, and was measured equally an eight.two on the Richter Scale. The Genroku earthquake had a like effect on Mt. Fuji as Hoei but with less severity. Information technology clamped the dike of the mount at 8 km to the surface (where the dacitic magma resides), too equally the basaltic sleeping room at 20 km deep. Many articles found a correlation between the two earthquakes, arriving at the determination that without either convulsion the Hoei eruption would not have happened.
- Nov 11, 1707 (Hōei four, 14th day of the tenth month): The city of Osaka suffers tremendously considering of a very tearing earthquake.[three]
- December 16, 1707 (Hōei 4, 23rd solar day of the 11th month): An eruption of Mount Fuji; the cinders and ash fell in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi.[4] This eruption was remarkable, as information technology spread a vast amount of volcanic ash and scoria over a region as far as Edo (now Tokyo), which was near 100 km (62.137 miles) away.
Records of eruption [edit]
Sixteen eruptions of New Fuji have been recorded since 781. Many of the eruptions occurred in the Heian era, with twelve eruptions betwixt 800 and 1083. Sometimes inactive periods between eruptions lasted for hundreds of years, as in the menstruation between 1083 and 1511, when no eruptions were recorded for over 400 years. At present, there have been no eruptions since the Hoei eruption in 1707–1708, around 300 years ago.
Current eruptive danger [edit]
Scientists study the activeness of the magma ascent past measuring COtwo emissions in the deeper parts of the volcano. Studies from earlier the Tohoku earthquake show the CO2 emissions below 5 gCO2/thou3/twenty-four hour period, which is the detection limit. If the emissions ascent above 5 gCOtwo/m3/day and so seismic activity is occurring and an eruption could possibly have identify. According to a five-phase evolutionary model for the release of volcanic gas, Mt. Fuji would be considered stage I. Magma is at a considerable 10 km (6.2 mi) depth and no emissions of gases can be observed regularly.
Post-obit the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, much attention was given to the volcanic reaction of Mount Fuji. Experts have found that the internal pressure level of the Mountain Fuji magma sleeping accommodation has increased to an estimated 1.six megapascals, raising speculation over the possibility of an eruption. The fiscal harm to Japan from a Fuji eruption is estimated at ¥2.5 trillion (about $25 billion).[5] [6]
See also [edit]
- Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji
- List of volcanoes in Japan
Notes [edit]
- ^ "Mt Fuji". www.volcanodiscovery.com . Retrieved 2019-10-19 .
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac (1834). Nipon o daï itsi ran: ou Annales des empereurs du Japon. Oriental Translation Fund. p. 118.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac (1834). Nipon o daï itsi ran: ou Annales des empereurs du Japon. Oriental Translation Fund. p. 415.
- ^ Shikuoka University page; encounter Japanese Wikipedia.
- ^ Blackstone, Samuel. "Experts Predict Japan's Mountain Fuji Will Erupt Presently". Business Insider.
- ^ "2011 convulsion put pressure on Mt. Fuji - UPI.com". upi.com. Retrieved 2015-11-01 .
References [edit]
- Fujisan Sono Shizen no Subete ( 富士山 その自然のすべて ), "Mount Fuji - All About Its Nature", written by Akira Suwa ( 諏訪彰 ) 1992 Dōbunshoin ( 同文書院 ) ISBN 4-8103-4047-3
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
External links [edit]
- Fujisan "Fujisan (Mount Fuji)". - Japan Meteorological Agency
- Fujisan (Mount Fuji) - Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_eruptions_of_Mount_Fuji
0 Response to "Is Mount Fuji Going to Erupt Again"
Post a Comment